{"id":1620,"date":"2026-06-25T22:32:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T17:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620"},"modified":"2026-06-25T22:32:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T17:32:10","slug":"economic-cooperation-practices-and-development-trends-in-middle-eastern-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620","title":{"rendered":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Senior teacher of department of<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><em>\u201cInternational Economics\u201d, PhD<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tashkent, Uzbekistan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com\"><em>bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1843-9519\"><em>0009-0001-1843-9519<\/em><\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Master student<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tashkent, Uzbekistan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:charosmasharipovna777@gmail.com\">charosmasharipovna777@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID: 0009-0006-5537-6103<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Abstract<\/em><\/strong><em>: This article reviews the area of economic cooperation and development in Middle Eastern nations focusing on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states and specifically the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The study relies on information from the World Bank World Development Indicators to examine the trends in GDP growth, trade openness, foreign direct investments and economic diversification. The article further explores the context of broader Middle East cooperation arrangements, such as bilateral, regional and multilateral partnerships. The results show that although hydrocarbon revenues still play an important role, these economies are fundamental transitioning into new structures that are aimed at decreasing the dependence on oil, and at creating knowledge-based and competitive economic systems.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Key words<\/em><\/strong><em>: Middle East, GCC, economic cooperation, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, diversification, GDP growth, FDI, trade openness.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YAQIN SHARQ MAMLAKATLARIDA IQTISODIY HAMKORLIK AMALIYOTLARI VA RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat qizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cXalqaro iqtisodiyot\u201d kafedrasi katta o`qituvchisi, PhD<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Jahon iqtisodiyoti va diplomatiya universiteti<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com\"><em>bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1843-9519\"><em>0009-0001-1843-9519<\/em><\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qadamboyeva Charos Masharip qizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Jahon iqtisodiyoti va diplomatiya universiteti magistranti<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:charosmasharipovna777@gmail.com\">charosmasharipovna777@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID: 0009-0006-5537-6103<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Annotatsiya: <\/em><\/strong><em>Ushbu maqola Ko\u2018rfaz Hamkorlik Kengashi (GCC) davlatlari, xususan, Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari (BAA), Saudiya Arabistoni va Qatarga e\u2019tibor qaratgan holda Yaqin Sharq mamlakatlaridagi iqtisodiy hamkorlik va rivojlanish sohasini ko\u2018rib chiqadi. Tadqiqot yalpi ichki mahsulotning o\u2018sishi, savdo ochiqligi, to\u2018g\u2018ridan-to\u2018g\u2018ri xorijiy investitsiyalar va iqtisodiyotni diversifikatsiya qilish tendentsiyalarini o\u2018rganish uchun Jahon bankining Jahon taraqqiyot ko\u2018rsatkichlari ma\u2019lumotlariga tayanadi. Maqolada ikki tomonlama, mintaqaviy va ko\u2018p tomonlama sheriklik kabi Yaqin Sharqdagi kengroq hamkorlik kelishuvlari konteksti ko\u2018proq o\u2018rganiladi. Natijalar shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki, uglevodorodlar daromadlari hali ham muhim rol o\u2018ynasa-da, bu iqtisodiyotlar neftga qaramlikni kamaytirish, bilimga asoslangan va raqobatbardosh iqtisodiy tizimlarni yaratishga qaratilgan yangi tuzilmalarga tubdan o\u2018tishdir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Kalit so`zlar:<\/em><\/strong><em> Yaqin Sharq, GCC, iqtisodiy hamkorlik, BAA, Saudiya Arabistoni, Qatar, diversifikatsiya, YaIM o\u2018sishi, TXI, savdo ochiqligi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410 \u042d\u041a\u041e\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0421\u041e\u0422\u0420\u0423\u0414\u041d\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u0422\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410\u0425 \u0411\u041b\u0418\u0416\u041d\u0415\u0413\u041e \u0412\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043a<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0437\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb, <\/em><em>PhD<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 (\u0423\u041c\u042d\u0414)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com\"><em>bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><em> &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID<\/em><em>: 0009-0001-1843-9519<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043f \u043a<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0437\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u041c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 (\u0423\u041c\u042d\u0414)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>charosmasharipovna777@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ORCID: 0009-0006-5537-6103<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/em><\/strong><em> \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 (\u0421\u0421\u0410\u0413\u041f\u0417), \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u042d\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u041e\u0410\u042d), \u0421\u0430\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0412\u041f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/em><\/strong><em> \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u041e\u0410\u042d, \u0421\u0430\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0412\u0412\u041f, \u041f\u0418\u0418, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/10.-Bekmurodova-Feruza-Azamat-kizi-Kadambaeva-Charos-Masharip-kizi-Economic-cooperation-practices-and-development-trends-in-Middle-Eastern-countries.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of 10. Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi, Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi - Economic cooperation practices and development trends in Middle Eastern countries.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-b9f68607-a26c-4994-9317-09700ae2328d\" href=\"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/10.-Bekmurodova-Feruza-Azamat-kizi-Kadambaeva-Charos-Masharip-kizi-Economic-cooperation-practices-and-development-trends-in-Middle-Eastern-countries.pdf\">10. Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi, Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi &#8211; Economic cooperation practices and development trends in Middle Eastern countries<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/10.-Bekmurodova-Feruza-Azamat-kizi-Kadambaeva-Charos-Masharip-kizi-Economic-cooperation-practices-and-development-trends-in-Middle-Eastern-countries.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-b9f68607-a26c-4994-9317-09700ae2328d\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cammett, M., Diwan, I., Richards, A., &amp; Waterbury, J. (2015). A Political Economy of the Middle East (4th ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Auty, R. M. (2001). Resource Abundance and Economic Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hvidt, M. (2011). Economic and institutional reforms in the Arab Gulf countries. Middle East Journal, 65(1), 85\u2013102.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Looney, R. (2004). Development strategies for Saudi Arabia: Escaping the rentier state syndrome. Strategic Insights, 3(3).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al-Marhubi, F. (2021). Non-oil economic diversification in the GCC: Progress and challenges. Middle East Development Journal, 13(1), 1\u201322.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00a0El-Erian, M. A., &amp; Bhattacharya, A. (2009). Sovereign wealth funds and global rebalancing. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(2), 31\u201356.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fasano, U., &amp; Iqbal, Z. (2003). GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. Washington, DC: IMF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sachs, J. D., &amp; Warner, A. M. (1995). Natural resource abundance and economic growth (NBER Working Paper No. 5398). National Bureau of Economic Research.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arab Monetary Fund. (2023). Arab Economic Outlook Report 2023. Abu Dhabi: AMF Publications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Monetary Fund. (2024). Middle East and Central Asia Regional Economic Outlook. Washington, DC: IMF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UNCTAD. (2024). World Investment Report 2024. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>World Bank. (2024). MENA Economic Update: Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>World Bank. (2026). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank. <a href=\"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators\">https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi Senior teacher of department of \u201cInternational Economics\u201d, PhD University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) Tashkent, Uzbekistan bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com&nbsp; ORCID: 0009-0001-1843-9519 Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi Master student University of World&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bolimsiz"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uz_UZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi Senior teacher of department of \u201cInternational Economics\u201d, PhD University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) Tashkent, Uzbekistan bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com&nbsp; ORCID: 0009-0001-1843-9519 Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi Master student University of World&#046;&#046;&#046;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"fintex-admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"fintex-admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 daqiqa\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"fintex-admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b\"},\"headline\":\"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620\"},\"wordCount\":783,\"commentCount\":0,\"inLanguage\":\"uz-UZ\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620\",\"name\":\"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"uz-UZ\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?p=1620#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali\",\"description\":\"Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"uz-UZ\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b\",\"name\":\"fintex-admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"uz-UZ\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"fintex-admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/fintech.tfi.uz\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fintech.tsue.uz\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620","og_locale":"uz_UZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali","og_description":"Bekmurodova Feruza Azamat kizi Senior teacher of department of \u201cInternational Economics\u201d, PhD University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) Tashkent, Uzbekistan bekmurodovaferuza@gmail.com&nbsp; ORCID: 0009-0001-1843-9519 Kadambaeva Charos Masharip kizi Master student University of World&#46;&#46;&#46;","og_url":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620","og_site_name":"\u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali","article_published_time":"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00","author":"fintex-admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"fintex-admin","Est. reading time":"3 daqiqa"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620"},"author":{"name":"fintex-admin","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b"},"headline":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES","datePublished":"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620"},"wordCount":783,"commentCount":0,"inLanguage":"uz-UZ","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620","url":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620","name":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES - \u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-25T17:32:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"uz-UZ","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=1620#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ECONOMIC COOPERATION PRACTICES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/","name":"\u201cMoliyaviy texnologiyalar\u201d ilmiy elektron jurnali","description":"Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"uz-UZ"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/23c74e51ed62b86e6d0bd0648490066b","name":"fintex-admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"uz-UZ","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b71c6402c74a04f56841f06d0b413c68efbbcbc10d903ef02a5db2c123944a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"fintex-admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/fintech.tfi.uz"],"url":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1620"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1622,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1620\/revisions\/1622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}