{"id":2104,"date":"2026-08-25T22:13:28","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T17:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=2104"},"modified":"2026-08-25T22:13:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T17:13:28","slug":"bank-aktivlari-sifatini-oshirishda-muammoli-qarzlar-va-garov-taminotini-boshqarish-usullari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fintech.tsue.uz\/?p=2104","title":{"rendered":"BANK AKTIVLARI SIFATINI OSHIRISHDA MUAMMOLI QARZLAR VA GAROV TA\u2019MINOTINI BOSHQARISH USULLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Djamalov G\u02bbofir Oribjanovich<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

mustaqil tadqiqotchisi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toshkent Kimyo xalqaro universiteti<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-mail: gofirjamalov@gmail.com<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annotatsiya.<\/em><\/strong> Ushbu maqolada bank aktivlari sifatini oshirishda muammoli qarzlar va garov ta’minotini boshqarish usullarini takomillashtirish masalalari tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi shundaki, muammoli kreditlarni rasman aniqlash va ularga zaxira ajratish borasida so\u02bbnggi yillarda erishilgan yutuqlarga qaramasdan, ajratilgan garov ta’minotini haqiqiy qiymatga aylantirish, ya’ni uni realizatsiya qilish bosqichi ko\u02bbplab hollarda samarasiz kechmoqda. Maqolaning maqsadi muammoli qarzlar va garov ta’minotini boshqarishning amaldagi huquqiy-institutsional mexanizmlarini tahlil qilish, ularning kamchiliklarini aniqlash hamda bank aktivlari sifatini oshirishga xizmat qiluvchi takomillashtirilgan yondashuvlar ishlab chiqishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda normativ-huquqiy tahlil, statistik-iqtisodiy tahlil, qiyosiy tahlil, hudud misolidagi amaliy tahlil (case-study) va SWOT-tahlil elementlaridan foydalanilgan. Tahlil natijalari shuni ko\u02bbrsatdiki, 2023-yil yakuniga Buxoro viloyati tijorat banklari misolida qarzdorlikni so\u02bbndirish evaziga balansga o\u02bbtgan 162,4 milliard so\u02bbmlik garov mulkining 99 foizga yaqini (161,1 milliard so\u02bbm, 93 ta obyekt) bir yildan ortiq muddat davomida sotilmasdan turgan, shu bilan birga respublika miqyosida muammoli kreditlarning zaxira bilan qoplanish darajasi 85 foizga yetgan. Bu tafovut zaxiralashtirish jarayoni ancha ilgarilagani, ammo garov mulkini bozorga chiqarish va real qiymatga aylantirish bosqichi jiddiy «tiqilinch»ga uchraganini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Maqolada muammoli qarzlarni hal etish strategiyalari matritsasini joriy etish, garov mulkini realizatsiya qilishning yagona raqamli platformasini yaratish hamda milliy aktivlarni boshqarish institutini shakllantirish imkoniyatlarini o\u02bbrganish bo\u02bbyicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Natijalar O\u02bbzbekiston bank tizimida aktivlar sifatini oshirish va kreditorlar huquqini himoya qilish siyosatini takomillashtirishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalit so\u02bbzlar: <\/em><\/strong>bank aktivlari sifati; muammoli qarzlar; garov ta’minoti; kreditorlar huquqi; aktivlarni realizatsiya qilish; qarzni undirish; restrukturizatsiya; aktivlarni boshqarish kompaniyasi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0414\u042b \u0423\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u041d\u042b\u041c\u0418 \u041a\u0420\u0415\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0410\u041c\u0418 \u0418 \u0417\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0413\u041e\u041c \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0418 \u041a\u0410\u0427\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0411\u0410\u041d\u041a\u041e\u0412\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041e\u0412<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0440 \u041e\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0430<\/a>\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436<\/a>\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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E<\/em>–<\/em>mail<\/em>: <\/em>gofirjamalov@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: <\/em><\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c; \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432; \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432; \u0432\u0437\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430; \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF PROBLEM LOANS AND COLLATERAL IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BANK ASSETS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Djamalov Gofir Oribjanovich<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Independent researcher<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tashkent International University of Chemistry<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-mail: <\/em>gofirjamalov@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/em><\/strong>. This article examines ways to improve methods of managing problem debts and collateral security in enhancing the quality of bank assets. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite recent progress in formally identifying problem loans and building reserves, the stage of converting collateral security into real value \u2014 that is, its realization \u2014 remains inefficient in many cases. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing legal and institutional mechanisms for managing problem debts and collateral, to identify their shortcomings, and to develop improved approaches that contribute to enhancing bank asset quality. The study employs methods of legal-regulatory analysis, statistical-economic analysis, comparative analysis, a regional case study, and elements of SWOT analysis. The results show that, as of the end of 2023, in the case of commercial banks in the Bukhara region, about 99 percent of collateral property (161.1 billion soums out of 162.4 billion, 93 of 100 objects) that had been transferred to banks’ balance sheets in debt settlement remained unsold for more than a year, while nationwide the coverage of problem loans by reserves reached 85 percent. This gap shows that the reserving process has advanced considerably further than the stage of bringing collateral to market and converting it into real value, which faces a serious bottleneck. The article develops proposals for introducing a debt-resolution strategy matrix, creating a unified digital platform for collateral realization, and exploring the possibility of establishing a national asset management institution. The findings have practical significance for improving asset quality in Uzbekistan’s banking system and for strengthening creditor-rights protection policy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: <\/em><\/strong>bank asset quality; problem debt; collateral security; creditor rights; asset realization; debt collection; restructuring; asset management company.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n