BIZNES SUBYEKTLARINI MOLIYALASHTIRISH ASOSIDA AHOLI BANDLIGINI TAʼMINLASH

Razikova Nozima Erkin qizi

xalqaro moliya kafedrasi mustaqil izlanuvchisi

Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti

E-mail: razikovа@gmail.com

Annotatsiya. Maqolada biznes subyektlarini moliyalashtirish mexanizmlari orqali aholi bandligini taʼminlash masalalari kompleks tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotning maqsadi kichik tadbirkorlikni kreditlash hajmi bilan mehnat bozori koʻrsatkichlari oʻrtasidagi bogʻliqlikni baholash, moliyalashtirishga kirish imkoniyatidagi tanqislikni aniqlash hamda moliyalashtirish tizimini bandlik natijalariga yoʻnaltirish boʻyicha takliflar ishlab chiqishdan iborat. Rasmiy statistik maʼlumotlar tahlili kichik tadbirkorlik subyektlari yalpi ichki mahsulotning yarmidan koʻpini (2024-yilda 54,3 %) ishlab chiqarayotganini, 2025-yilda ularga ajratilgan kreditlar hajmi 131,2 trln soʻmga yetib, bir yilda 42 % ga oshganini koʻrsatdi. Shu bilan birga kichik korxonalarning atigi 10 % i, oʻrta korxonalarning 16 % i kredit oladi, mikro-, kichik va oʻrta biznesning yillik kredit talabi 13 mlrd dollarni tashkil etsa-da, 6 mlrd dollarlik tanqislik saqlanmoqda. Ishsizlik darajasining 2023-yildagi 8,1 % dan 2025-yil uchinchi choragida 4,9 % gacha pasayishi moliyalashtirish dasturlarining kengayishi bilan bir vaqtga toʻgʻri keladi, biroq band aholining 33 % i norasmiy sektorda qolmoqda. Maqolada xorij tajribasi umumlashtirilgan, moliyalashtirishning bandlikka taʼsirini oʻlchash uchun toʻrtta indikator taklif etilgan va kreditlash siyosatini natijaga bogʻlash mexanizmi asoslangan.

Kalit soʻzlar: biznes subyektlari, moliyalashtirish, aholi bandligi, kichik tadbirkorlik, oilaviy tadbirkorlik, mikrokredit, kredit kafolati, norasmiy bandlik, ish oʻrni, mehnat bozori, natijaga yoʻnaltirilgan kreditlash.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЗАНЯТОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ БИЗНЕСА

Разикова Нозима Эркиновна

соискатель кафедры

международные финансы

 Ташкентского государственного

экономического университета

E-mail: razikovа@gmail.com

Аннотация. В статье комплексно анализируются вопросы обеспечения занятости населения посредством механизмов финансирования субъектов бизнеса. Цель исследования — оценить взаимосвязь между объёмами кредитования малого предпринимательства и показателями рынка труда, выявить дефицит доступа к финансированию и разработать предложения по ориентации системы финансирования на результаты занятости. Анализ официальных статистических данных показал, что субъекты малого предпринимательства производят более половины валового внутреннего продукта (54,3 % в 2024 году), а объём выданных им кредитов в 2025 году достиг 131,2 трлн сумов, увеличившись за год на 42 %. При этом кредит получают лишь 10 % малых и 16 % средних предприятий, а при годовой потребности микро-, малого и среднего бизнеса в 13 млрд долларов сохраняется дефицит в 6 млрд долларов. Снижение уровня безработицы с 8,1 % в 2023 году до 4,9 % в третьем квартале 2025 года совпадает с расширением программ финансирования, однако 33 % занятых остаются в неформальном секторе. Обобщён зарубежный опыт, предложены четыре индикатора измерения влияния финансирования на занятость и обоснован механизм привязки кредитной политики к результатам.

Ключевые слова: субъекты бизнеса, финансирование, занятость населения, малое предпринимательство, семейное предпринимательство, микрокредит, кредитная гарантия, неформальная занятость, рабочее место, рынок труда, кредитование по результатам.

ENSURING POPULATION EMPLOYMENT THROUGH THE FINANCING OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Razikova Nozima Erkin qizi

Independent Researcher

 Department of International Finance

Tashkent State University of Economics

E-mail: razikovа@gmail.com

Abstract.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of employment provision through mechanisms for financing business entities. The study aims to assess the relationship between the volume of lending to small entrepreneurship and labour market indicators, to identify the gap in access to finance, and to develop proposals for reorienting the financing system towards employment outcomes. Analysis of official statistics shows that small entrepreneurship entities generate more than half of gross domestic product (54.3 % in 2024), while lending to them reached 131.2 trillion soums in 2025, an annual increase of 42 %. At the same time, only 10 % of small and 16 % of medium enterprises obtain loans, and against an annual credit demand of USD 13 billion the micro, small and medium business segment faces a shortfall of USD 6 billion. The decline in unemployment from 8.1 % in 2023 to 4.9 % in the third quarter of 2025 coincides with the expansion of financing programmes, yet 33 % of the employed remain in the informal sector. International experience is summarised, four indicators for measuring the employment impact of financing are proposed, and a mechanism for linking credit policy to outcomes is substantiated.

Keywords: business entities, financing, employment, small entrepreneurship, family entrepreneurship, microcredit, credit guarantee, informal employment, job creation, labour market, performance-based lending.

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